Author Archive for Laura

Mushroom Logs

Ben’s permaculture professor at NC State, Will Hooker, has been kind enough to allow me to tag along on some of their field trips and workshops. Yesterday the class was invited to his home in Raleigh (just down the bike path from where we live) to learn about mushroom logs and how to make one.

We started with 3′ wide, 4-6″ diameter hardwood logs and 1″ long dowel plugs that are pre-colonized by shiitake mycelium. The logs we used were sweetgum and oak, but you can use any hardwood for shiitake as long as the bark is thick and tough. It is important to use logs that are only 4-6 weeks old (from the time the tree was cut down). If you use logs right away, the natural defenses in the wood will kill the shiitake mycelium. If you wait too long (past 6 weeks), other undesirable fungi can colonize the log first.

To begin, take each log and drill 1.5″ holes with a 5/16″ drill bit about 6″ apart in a row along the length of the log. Continue drilling the rows of holes in a “diamond” pattern, covering the entire log. Then, take the dowel plugs and hammer them into the holes, making sure they’re flush with the bark.

Ben Hammers a Log

After all the dowel plugs are hammered in, paint over the plugs, each end of the log, and any blemishes in the bark with melted beeswax to create a protective seal. Stack the logs in a shady area and keep them moist by watering them once per week.

Plugging the logs with the dowels and keeping them moist encourages the mycelium to colonize the entire log. Once the colonization is complete (about one year), mushrooms can be “forced” to produce by soaking the logs in water for 24-48 hours. After the soak, stand the logs up against some kind of support so the mushrooms have room to grow. Will mentioned an alternate method which is to beat the crap out of them with a mallet (but don’t break the wood); this simulates the effect of the tree falling in the forest.

The best time of year to make the logs is a few weeks before consistent overnight frosts, so the mycelium have enough time to start growing before the winter months. You can yield a few harvests (called “flushes”) of mushrooms off each log during the spring and summer.

A mushroom is ready to be harvested when the outside of the cap is still slightly pulled in, like an umbrella. (Ones with the edges starting to fan out are still edible, however.) It is recommended that you cut them off instead of pulling them out so that the plug stays in place.

In a little nook in his back yard, Will had several logs with shiitakes that were ready to harvest. He cut them off and cooked them for us to taste and they were just about the best mushrooms Ben and I have ever eaten. :)

Making Mushroom Logs

These sites have more detailed information about making mushroom logs:

Natural Log Shiitake Mushroom Production and Processing

How to Care for and Fruit Your Shiitake Mushroom Log

Order Mushroom Plugs at Fungi Perfecti

Solar Hot Water Heating

Three weeks ago Ben and I went to a local meetup to hear a talk on several residential solar hot water heating systems. We were presented with information about three different systems and were shown data on the costs, efficiency, and temperature averages of the hot water (dependent on climate).

The cost range for the systems presented was between $2k and $6k, and the presenters agreed that the average non-batch closed loop system for a typical home costs around $6k. (I believe this includes a backup system.) The least expensive system that was discussed (~$2k) was a passive system, which was basically a solar oven collecting the water on the roof.

Each of the residents had different goals and budgets to work with, but all had a backup electrical system running in the case of several cloudy days in a row. Ben and I are both of the opinion that overall, people generally prefer hot water on-demand at any point in the day and in any amount, which is why they require a backup system. It would be nice to opt out of a such a system, not only because we balk at using fossil fuels for this project, but also because we’re embracing the changes in our daily routine that we will be necessary to make if our hot water is in limited supply.

The US Department of Energy explains the different types of systems pretty well and provides resources for further reading.

EERE Consumer’s Guide: Solar Water Heaters

Darrell Edgley was one of the presenters at the meetup. He is experimenting with all sorts of resource-saving methods at his home in Durham, NC, and records data from his solar hot water system daily. (Scroll down and click the “solar data” link.)

Darrell Edgley’s Solar Data

The information we took in from the meetup was valuable in that we were introduced to solar hot water heating and heard some good discussion on mechanical and cost differences between the three systems. I’ll be writing more about solar hot water heating once we begin to make some decisions on our budget for the water system.

The Design, Still A Process

If you saw my previous post on the blog design, you’ll note that some of the elements I discussed are now either missing or unclear.

I decided that Short Bits and the commented Recent Links were too similar, so we merged them together. The Resources page is hidden from the main navigation because I’m in the process of organizing and designing it still. I hope to have it up by next week.

We created a flickr account and twitter account now associated with this site. The Current Status area in the middle column is pulling the newest tweet. The photos are still being migrated from our personal flickr accounts to the new, merged account. The photos feed in the right column will be updated to pull from the new feed next week as well.

There are now clearly designated links to the flickr photo sets for each entry that has an associated group of photos. The link will appear at the end of the entry. Also at the bottom of each entry is a new Related Posts area. As we continue with the project this area will populate with links to articles that have comparable content. We’re also in the process of streamlining the Categories and Tags so the site is a little easier to navigate.

I think we’re almost there… Stay tuned! :)

Our First In-Depth Look At A Rammed Earth Home

A few weeks ago Ben found this article about a rammed earth house located in Chapel Hill, NC, about 40 minutes from where we live. He called Gary, the owner and builder of the house, and scheduled for us a little visit.

Rammed Earth House : Outside

We met Gary and his wife yesterday and were completely in awe of the house. It is beautiful not only because of smooth, earthen walls but also because of their impeccable taste in local art. The house is about 1,050 square feet (about the size we’re planning for our home) and each little piece of the house had quite a creative touch to it: painted doors, custom windows and metalwork, small glass tiles in the patio columns, etc. Awesome.

On the first floor he had radiant floor heating in a green-tinted concrete slab foundation. The first floor walls were 24″ thick (see photo below). The upper level had hardwood flooring and thinner walls. Heating in the colder months is supplemented by a wood burning stove in the kitchen area of the ground level. A single small air conditioning unit is installed in the upstairs wall, just above the stairway, and Gary states that they really only use it for about three weeks in the summer. (Only necessary during consistent 95+ degree days.)

Laura's Hand On Rammed Earth Wall

Gary’s costs were higher than we’re anticipating for ours, I’m betting mostly because he hired labor and opted for custom details. We’re also planning to build a one-level home so the difficulties that come with installing a second floor mostly won’t apply to us. We’re hoping to build this without asking too many others for help!

After snapping photos and asking some questions, we left feeling excited and inspired! We hope to be making another trip soon to a local earthen home builder. Stay tuned!

Rammed Earth House in Chapel Hill

The Jungle

Last weekend Ben and I spent four days on the land literally chopping our way through to see what’s going on. We spent hours slicing through briars and knocking down small trees just to carve out a mere three trails, none of which connect yet. I can’t even put into words how much of a mess it is. In most places you can’t see past 20 feet in front of you, not like you can when you’re standing in an old-growth forest.

The Jungle

But, it’s all ok. There’s a part of me that is very happy it’s going to take so much work to make it nice. This is absolutely a labor of love and to confirm that, Ben asked me to marry him after three hours of chopping through the woods and asking me a bunch of questions about whether I think I’m up to the task of building a house there with him. I said yes… and I couldn’t (seriously) COULDN’T be more excited about the next few years.

Our next trip back will be during the last week of December and we’re hoping to bring better tools than just our machetes.

Fall Break In Toccoa

Local Living Economies

Last night Ben and I heard a talk by Judy Wicks, owner/founder of The White Dog Cafe in Philadelphia. She spoke last night in Raleigh about what she calls “local living economies” which encompasses local food and farming, community energy and organizing, finding more sustainable ways to enhance commerce among people and businesses within a specified region, and integrate these alternative methods into global trade.

It was moving, to say the least.

None of the issues she spoke about were new to me: our overpopulation situation, effects of long distance food distribution, trade issues, loss of local farms and the connections between, etc. But the ways in which this woman has created change in her community (and by starting small) was *very* new to me. I tend to have a pessimistic view of our nation and mostly generalize people into one large group of “idiots” who succumb to the way things seem and don’t strive to make change. This, I realize, is wrong, but it’s difficult for me to snap out of it until I see someone who *has* made change come forward and talk about their experiences. Judy noted that a lot of her success comes simply from talking to people. For the past 25 years she has formed honest relationships through communication of mutual beneficial alternatives to unsustainable living, and fueled her community with information on how changes can be made, starting with the individual. It’s grassroots all around and gave me a lot of ideas.

Hearing Judy speak and feeling her energy last evening left me excited about creating a life in Toccoa. Living and playing mostly in cities my whole life I struggle with the vision of living in a small town on a farm. And I probably have no idea how much actual *work* it’s going to be, at least to get us started, but now, more than I ever imagined, I am looking forward to it. And I say that because I am hoping that Ben and I can make a difference in Toccoa and sort of grab the town by the balls, if you will. There is certainly a huge opportunity there for us to impact locals by setting an example of a more sustainable way of life and I can’t wait to get started!

The Design, Ever-evolving

I’ve been working lately to complete the design of this site. I have a few things to tweak but most of the basics are in place. The following is a summary of the design and organization of content.

We had so many ideas on the drawing board but in the end we’ve agreed that it might be fun to change the header image several times in accordance to the phases of the project. In the footer you’ll notice that the current style sheet is called “OFA - Phase One”. Moving forward, each time we step into a new phase of the project we will design a new collage for the header and swap out some of the styles. I’m still working on this but I’d like to make each phase a link so that the user can click to see what each template looked like. (So in a few years, when we’re in Phase Three let’s say, I’d like to have links to Phase One and Phase Two so the user can view the site as it looked during that phase.)

In the main navigation you’ll see a link called “Resources” (if you don’t see it that’s because I’m still styling the site). All content listed in the center sidebar (explained below) will be formally listed as a resource on this page. This is our toolbox and I’d like to share the links and a little review of each with our readers. We’re using the internet a TON right now to find as much info as possible and I think creating a repository of goodies would be beneficial.

To the right of the main blog post column are two sidebars. In the center you’ll currently find “Short Bits” which are mini entries about interesting things we’re reading up on. Short Bits will generally encompass any info that we decide is important enough to write about but is too short to form a full blog post. Underneath you’ll find “Recent Links” which is basically a feed of links from our respective del.icio.us accounts tagged with “ofa”.

The right-most sidebar contains your basic blog navigational items as well as recent relevant photos.

I’ll explain any major changes or additions to the current template layout as it evolves.

What’s This Adventure You Speak Of?

The two of us are currently saving up all our pennies to build a cob house and start a farm in North Georgia. Since we believe in light-weight, sustainable living we will be integrating those values into our plans. Our goal is to capture and utilize energy from the sun to power our home and be completely off the grid. This may require certain sacrifices but we are excited to see what we can live without (and consequently learn how do to by hand).

The land is roughly 50 acres near the base of the mountains in Toccoa, GA. Currently, it is vacant and needs a lot of attention before we start hauling in supplies to begin the build. There’s so much to do; clear trees, make a driveway, decide on pond, farm and house location, create a budget, organize ourselves…

That’s what this site is all about. It’s a chronicle for us, our friends and family and others who are interested in such things as cob building and farming. We want to share what we learn (all the mistakes, research and little victories) with as many people as possible.

This is our dream, our big adventure. Enjoy! :)

Eeee!

Our Farm Adventure on Flickr